Plant library

The plants we use. And why they belong here.

Natives that bring the ecosystem back, and fruit trees that actually reward the yards they live in. Every entry is written from what I've watched happen on-site across the Treasure Coast. Not copied off a tag.

Fruit tree

Mango

The signature summer harvest of a South Florida edible landscape.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Avocado

A serious tree that pays back for decades. Pick the right variety.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Lychee

A slow-to-fruit tree, but a summer luxury worth the wait.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Jackfruit

The world's largest tree fruit. And it grows here.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Banana

The fastest edible payoff in a Florida yard.

Edible

Fruit tree

Papaya

Fruit in 9 months from seed. No other tree does that.

Edible

Fruit tree

Carambola (Starfruit)

Two crops a year and gorgeous form. An underused tree.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Guava (multiple varieties)

Tough, productive, and forgiving. A great first fruit tree.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Loquat

The winter-fruiting tree. Flowers in fall, ripens in spring.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Mulberry

A month of daily handfuls off a tough, fast tree.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Fig

Two crops of jam-sweet fruit from a compact tree.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Barbados Cherry (Acerola)

A hedgerow that feeds you.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Abiu

Golden fruit with sweet, translucent flesh that eats like caramel custard. A South American sapote cousin that's right at home here.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Achachairú (Achacha)

A Bolivian Garcinia with tangy-sweet fruit under an orange rind. Slow and steady, and worth every year of the wait.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Atemoya

A sugar apple crossed with cherimoya. Custardy, sweet, and one of the Annonas that rewards real care.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Black Sapote

The chocolate pudding fruit. Ripe flesh really does look and spoon like pudding, and it's one of the easier sapotes here.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Caimito (Star Apple)

Cut it crosswise and there's the star. Sweet, milky flesh on a handsome tree with bronze-backed leaves.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Canistel (Eggfruit)

Rich, sweet flesh with the texture of a boiled yolk. Sounds odd, tastes like pumpkin pie.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Cherry of the Rio Grande

One of the tropical cherries I plant most. Dark sweet fruit and a tidy, good-looking tree.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Grumichama

The Brazilian cherry. Glossy leaves, white flowers, and dark fruit that disappears fast.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Pitangatuba

A rare little tropical cherry with golden star-shaped fruit and a bright sweet-tart bite. Small, slow, well-behaved, and growers love it for a reason.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Pitomba

Golden, apricot-flavored fruit on a slow, handsome tree. Another tropical cherry worth the patience.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Jaboticaba (multiple varieties)

Grape-like fruit growing right out of the bark. Slow as can be, and one of the coolest fruiting sights in any garden.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Mamey Sapote

The big one. Sweet, dense flesh like sweet potato pie with almond. A serious tree for a serious fruit lover.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

White Sapote

Custard-soft fruit with a peaches-and-cream sweetness. Trickier here than people expect, which is exactly why we plan for it.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Green Sapote

Mamey's rarer, milder cousin. Slow and particular, and a collector's prize when it fruits.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Sapodilla

Brown sugar in fruit form. Salt-tolerant, tough, and a well-cared-for one is one of the best things you can grow here.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Rollinia

Lemon meringue on a tree, and I mean that almost literally. An Annona that rewards real care.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Sugar Apple

The classic Annona. Sweet, segmented, custardy fruit on a small tree that fits almost any yard.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Custard Apple

The wetland-tolerant Annona cousin with soft, sweet flesh. An old Florida dooryard fruit.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Ilama

The tropical lowland cousin of the cherimoya. Rare here, beautiful fruit, and a conversation piece in any collection.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Soursop

Big, spiky, and intensely tropical, the fruit behind every good batido. Cold-sensitive, so where it sits matters.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Breadfruit

The staple crop of the tropics. Truly cold-tender here, so it's for the protected, adventurous yard.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Garcinia (multiple species)

The mangosteen family. Slow, picky about our chalky coastal sand, and home to some of the best fruit on the planet.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Mangosteen

The queen of fruit, and I'll be straight with you: this is the hardest tree on this whole list to keep happy here. For the truly committed.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Imbe

An African Garcinia with small, bright orange fruit. Tough little tree, tangy fruit, rarely seen.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Peanut Butter Fruit

Small red fruit that genuinely tastes like peanut butter. Kids don't believe it until they try it.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Ross Sapote

A canistel cousin with softer, sweeter flesh. Rare, easy to like, hard to find.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Miracle Fruit

The berry that makes sour things taste sweet for a while afterward. A little shrub with a party trick that never gets old.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Strawberry Tree (Muntingia)

Fast, generous, and covered in little cotton-candy berries the birds and the kids fight over.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Ice Cream Bean (Inga edulis)

Big pods lined with sweet, fluffy pulp, and as a legume it feeds the soil while it feeds you.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Bilimbi

Cucumber-shaped, mouth-puckering sour fruit straight off the trunk. If you cook or pickle, you want this tree.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Wax Jambu (Wax Apple)

Crisp, juicy, lightly sweet fruit with a shine like it's been polished. A beautiful tree in flower and in fruit.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Malay Apple

Showy magenta powder-puff blooms, then crisp rosy fruit. One of the prettiest fruit trees you can plant here.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Longan

Lychee's easier-going cousin. Reliable clusters of sweet, musky fruit on a tough tree.

EdibleFruit Tree

Fruit tree

Pomegranate

An old-world fruit that can work here with the right variety and full sun. I'll be honest, our humidity makes it a project, but the right one earns its spot.

EdibleFruit Tree

Native

Firebush (Hamelia patens)

The single best hummingbird plant on the Treasure Coast.

NativeTropicalPollinatorLow-water

Native

Coontie

Florida's own cycad. Architectural, tough, host to an endangered butterfly.

NativeTropicalLow-waterSalt/Wind

Native

American Beautyberry

Purple berries in fall, birds in winter.

NativePollinatorLow-water

Native

Muhly Grass

The pink-cloud native grass that made mass plantings famous.

NativeLow-waterSalt/Wind

Native

Tropical Sage (Salvia coccinea)

A quiet workhorse for pollinators, in sun or shade.

NativePollinatorLow-water

Native

Sea Grape

The definitive Florida coastal native. And edible.

NativeTropicalSalt/WindEdible

Native

Simpson's Stopper

A workhorse native hedge shrub with fragrant flowers and berries the birds strip clean.

NativePollinatorSalt/WindLow-water

Native

Spanish Stopper

The narrow native. A tight, upright privacy hedge for skinny side yards.

NativeSalt/WindLow-water

Native

White Stopper

Coastal-tough evergreen privacy, with one honest heads up about the smell.

NativeSalt/WindLow-water

Native

Marlberry

A classic native hedge shrub that handles shade better than most.

NativePollinatorLow-water

Native

Myrsine

Naturally columnar. A tidy native privacy screen that never needs shearing.

NativeLow-waterSalt/Wind

Native

Cocoplum

Everybody shaves it into a box. Left alone, it's one of the easiest plants in Florida.

NativeEdibleSalt/WindLow-water

Native

Maidenbush

A shorter native hedge for when you want 5 to 10 feet, not 15.

NativeSalt/WindLow-water

Native

Florida Privet

Small leaves, naturally dense, one of the best hedges for tough coastal spots.

NativePollinatorSalt/WindLow-water

Native

Bahama Strongbark

Orange flowers for butterflies, orange berries for birds. Privacy that pulls in wildlife.

NativePollinatorLow-water

Native

Fiddlewood

Glossy leaves, sweet flowers, and 15 to 20 feet of native privacy.

NativePollinatorLow-water

Native

Wax Myrtle

One of the fastest native privacy hedges you can plant.

NativeSalt/WindLow-water

Native

Elderberry

Fast growing, huge flower clusters, loads of berries. And it suckers.

NativePollinatorEdible

Native

Live Oak

The backbone of old Florida. Slow to start, then unstoppable, and it feeds more wildlife than any tree we can plant. Give it real room.

Native

Native

Gumbo Limbo

The peeling red bark earns it the nickname tourist tree. Fast, hurricane-tough, and right at home near the coast.

Native

Native

Dahoon Holly

A tidy native holly that handles wet feet. Female trees load up with red berries the birds strip all winter.

Native

Native

Red Maple

Our native maple for the damp spots. Red seeds and new growth put on a show when little else is changing color.

Native

Native

Wild Tamarind

A fast, airy canopy tree with fine, feathery leaves. Butterflies and beneficial insects treat it like a cafeteria.

Native

Native

Paradise Tree

Upright and handsome with glossy leaves, and fruit the birds work hard every year.

Native

Native

Sugarberry

An easygoing native shade tree and a host plant for several of our butterflies, which means their caterpillars get to grow up on it.

Native

Native

Pigeon Plum

Neat, salt-tolerant, and coastal to its core. A well-behaved tree with fruit the birds appreciate.

Native

Native

Mastic

A big old-Florida hammock tree with fruit wildlife loves. You don't see it planted enough, which is half the reason I plant it.

Native

Native

Black Ironwood

Small, slow, and famous for wood so dense it sinks in water. A connoisseur's tree for a shady native corner.

Native

Native

Yaupon Holly

Tough as it gets, takes shearing or grows loose, berries for the birds. Its leaves are the only native source of caffeine in North America, and yes, the tea is good.

Native

Native

Buttonwood

The coastal workhorse. Salt, wind, poor soil, it shrugs it all off. The silver form is a designer's favorite.

Native

Native

Satinleaf

Green on top, copper shimmer underneath, so every breeze puts on a show. A hammock tree that looks designed on purpose.

Native

Native

Bald Cypress

The ancient one. Happiest with wet feet but tougher in a dry yard than people think. Feathery needles that drop each winter.

Native

Native

Mahogany

A South Florida native shade classic. Semi-deciduous, meaning it thins out briefly in spring, then leafs right back out.

Native

Native

Slash Pine

The tree our whole ecosystem was built around. If you have one, protect it, the roots hate disturbance. If you don't, plant one.

Native

Native

Soapberry

A small, easy native whose berries literally lather like soap. Old Florida grew useful things.

Native

Native

Strangler Fig (Ficus aurea)

A massive native fig and a full-blown wildlife engine. Honest caveat: it needs serious space, far from structures. The right yard, not every yard.

Native

Native

Red Bay

An aromatic hammock tree in the avocado family. Honest caveat: laurel wilt, the same disease I cover in the avocado article, has hit our wild redbays hard. We plant it with eyes open.

Native

Native

Little Strongbark

A small shrub that seems to always be in bloom, and the butterflies know it. Underused and deserving better.

Native

Native

Privet Senna

Cheerful yellow flowers and a host plant for our sulphur butterflies, the little yellow ones dancing across every native yard.

Native

Native

Red Stopper

The rarest of our stoppers, with bronze-red new growth. A collector's hedge plant that behaves itself.

Native

Native

Jamaican Caper

Glossy leaves and showy flowers that open white and blush purple by evening. Slow, refined, worth the wait.

Native

Native

Wild Coffee

Glossy, ribbed leaves that shine in shade, red berries after. A true coffee cousin, though I wouldn't brew it.

Native

Native

Spicewood

An aromatic hammock shrub with neat foliage and quiet good looks. Built for layered native plantings.

Native

Native

Blackbead

A coastal host plant for several of our small butterflies, with sweet powder-puff blooms and character to spare.

Native

Native

White Indigoberry

Fragrant white flowers, snow-white berries, and dense evergreen structure. Coastal-tough.

Native

Native

Bay Cedar

A dune plant through and through. Fine silvery-green texture and total salt indifference. Beachside yards, this is your friend.

Native

Native

Snowberry

Bright white berries on a sprawling evergreen that will drape and wander. Let it do its thing along an edge.

Native

Native

Rusty Lyonia

Sculptural, twisting branches and rusty-fuzzy new growth. A scrub native with more character than anything in the big box aisle.

Native

Native

Twinflower

A low native groundcover with little purple trumpets, and a host plant for the common buckeye butterfly.

Native

Native

Partridge Pea

Sunny yellow all summer and a host for the sulphur butterflies. Honest caveat: it reseeds with enthusiasm. I call that a feature.

Native

Native

Dune Sunflower

Cheerful yellow daisies over sprawling green. Salt-proof, drought-proof, and quick to cover ground. Give it room to roam.

Native

Native

Pineland Heliotrope

A low spreader that just keeps blooming, with pollinators working it all day long.

Native

Native

Elephant's Foot

A flat rosette of big leaves, then airy stalks of small purple flowers. One of the few that loves dry shade.

Native

Native

Forked Blue Curls

Delicate curled blue blooms the bees adore. A sandy-soil charmer that reseeds where it's happy.

Native

Native

Blue Porterweed

A butterfly nectar staple that blooms nearly year-round. Make sure it's the low native one, not the tall import.

Native

Native

Mistflower

Puffs of powder blue that butterflies pile onto. Make sure you're getting the native mistflower, because there's an aggressive imported lookalike.

Native

Native

Giant Ironweed

Tall, deep purple, and impossible for pollinators to ignore. Back of the bed, and let it tower.

Native

Native

Yellowtop

Masses of gold that handle the damp spots most flowers won't touch.

Native

Native

Narrowleaf Silkgrass

Silvery grass-like leaves and yellow fall flowers. It thrives on dry sand and neglect.

Native

Native

Goldenrod

Fall gold and one of the biggest pollinator banquets we can plant. Several native species, all welcome here.

Native

Native

Stokes' Aster

Big lavender-blue blooms on a tidy plant that earns a front-row spot.

Native

Native

Thoroughworts

Late-season clouds of white that feed everything still flying. Underrated on purpose.

Native

Native

Tickseed

Florida's official state wildflower, and it acts like it. Multiple native species, all easy gold.

Native

Native

Liatris

Purple bloom spikes that light up in fall, and migrating butterflies treat them like a rest stop. Multiple native species.

Native

Native

Blue-Eyed Grass

A petite iris cousin for edges and borders. Little starry blue flowers over grassy tufts.

Native

Native

Spiderwort

Morning-blue three-petaled flowers on a plant that's nearly indestructible. Honest caveat: it reseeds everywhere. Wilder gardens only.

Native

Native

Beach Verbena

A purple-flowering coastal groundcover that takes salt, sun, and sand in stride.

Native

Native

Calamint

A little aromatic native the bees adore, happiest in dry sand. Brush past it and you'll smell why it made the list.

Native

Native

Grayleaf (Melochia tomentosa)

Soft silvery leaves and little violet blooms nearly year-round, with pollinators working it all day long. A dry, sandy-spot specialist that asks for almost nothing once it's in.

Native

Tropical

Blue Butterfly Clerodendrum

Little blue flowers shaped exactly like butterflies taking off. A soft, airy shrub for part shade.

Tropical

Tropical

Red Powderpuff

Big crimson puffs the hummingbirds can't leave alone, blooming through the cool months when gardens need it most.

TropicalPollinator

Tropical

Sweet Almond Bush (Aloysia virgata)

White flower spikes with one of the best fragrances in any garden, and the pollinators agree.

TropicalPollinator

Tropical

Panama Rose (Rondeletia leucophylla)

Clusters of pink that just keep coming, with evening fragrance as the bonus.

Tropical

Tropical

Jatropha (Jatropha integerrima)

Nonstop red blooms and butterflies all over it, in a compact tree or shrub form.

TropicalPollinator

Tropical

Golden Shrimp Plant (Pachystachys lutea)

Golden flower spikes that glow in part shade and keep the hummingbirds coming back.

TropicalPollinator

Tropical

Firespike (Odontonema strictum)

Tall red spikes in fall and winter, happy in shade, and hummingbird approved.

TropicalPollinator

Tropical

Blue Ginger (Dichorisandra thyrsiflora)

Not a true ginger, but those deep violet-blue spikes are unreal in a shady tropical bed.

Tropical

Tropical

Shell Ginger (Alpinia zerumbet)

Arching canes and shell-pink flower strands. The variegated form lights up a green corner.

Tropical

Tropical

Hawaiian Ti Plant (Cordyline fruticosa)

Color that never needs a flower. Burgundy and pink foliage that reads instantly tropical.

Tropical

Tropical

Red Sister Ti (Cordyline fruticosa)

The Ti with the boldest hot-pink new growth. A designer staple for a reason.

Tropical

Tropical

Medinilla (Medinilla magnifica)

Hanging pink chandeliers of bloom. A showpiece that wants bright shade and a little babying.

Tropical

Tropical

Angel's Trumpet (Brugmansia)

Huge hanging trumpets with an evening perfume you'll smell across the yard. Honest caveat: every part of this plant is poisonous, so it's not the pick for a yard with curious kids or pets.

Tropical

Tropical

Dwarf Allamanda

Big golden trumpets almost year-round on a shrub that shrugs off heat.

Tropical

Tropical

Bird of Paradise (orange)

The classic. Orange and blue crane-head blooms over bold paddle leaves say tropical louder than anything.

Tropical

Tropical

Copperleaf (Acalypha wilkesiana)

Foliage in copper, red, and bronze that outcolors most flowers.

Tropical

Tropical

Ixora

The workhorse bloomer of South Florida, in every warm color. It wants acidic soil, so feeding it right is the trick.

Tropical

Tropical

Gardenia

That fragrance. Glossy leaves, white spiraled blooms, and a scent that stops people mid-walk. Grafted plants do best here.

Tropical

Tropical

Plumbago

Sky-blue flowers on a soft, sprawling shrub that blooms nearly all year and feeds the butterflies.

TropicalPollinator

Tropical

Brazilian Red Cloak

Dramatic red bloom panels on a big, bold shrub. A statement plant for a warm corner.

Tropical

Tropical

Mussaenda

Peach and pink leafy bracts, like a tree full of handkerchiefs all summer.

Tropical

Tropical

Hibiscus

The tropical flower everyone knows, in more colors than I can keep track of. It's a hungry plant, and organic feeding keeps it blooming.

Tropical

Tropical

Pentas

One of the hardest-working butterfly plants you can put in the ground. Blooms basically forever.

TropicalPollinator

Tropical

African Iris

Clean, grassy fans with little white and violet iris blooms. A tidy edge plant that behaves.

Tropical

Tropical

Society Garlic

Grassy clumps, lavender blooms, and a garlicky scent when you brush past. Edging that earns its keep.

Tropical

Tropical

Blue Daze

A low carpet of true-blue morning flowers. Tough, coastal, and easy.

TropicalSalt/Wind

Tropical

Desert Cassia

Soft, silvery foliage and yellow blooms, and it hosts our sulphur butterflies too.

TropicalPollinator

Tropical

Pinwheel Jasmine

White pinwheel blooms on glossy green. Tidy enough for formal spots, tropical enough to belong here.

Tropical